** Surgery involves removing the tumor and surrounding tissue. It may be the first step in treating many types of cancer. * **When is surgery recommended?** It's often recommended for solid tumors that can be completely removed.

** Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. It's often used when cancer has spread beyond the original site. * **What are common side effects?** Side effects can include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and increased risk of infection.

** Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells. It's often used after surgery to eliminate remaining cells. * **Are there long-term effects of radiation therapy?** Yes, children may have long-term effects like growth issues or increased cancer risk later in life.

** Targeted therapy uses drugs that specifically attack cancer cells by focusing on specific molecules involved in cancer growth. * **Is targeted therapy suitable for all pediatric cancers?** No, it's only effective for certain types of cancer that have specific genetic markers.

** Immunotherapy harnesses the body's immune system to fight cancer. This can include monoclonal antibodies or checkpoint inhibitors. * **How effective is immunotherapy in children?** Effectiveness can vary, but it has shown promise for some pediatric cancers, such as leukemia and certain solid tumors.

** It's often used for cancers like leukemia where high doses of chemotherapy can damage bone marrow, requiring a transplant to restore its function. * **What are the sources for stem cells?** Stem cells can come from the patient (autologous) or a donor (allogenic).

** Clinical trials test new treatments to see how effective they are, contributing to advancements in pediatric oncology. * **How can my child participate in a clinical trial?** Eligibility depends on specific criteria including cancer type and stage. Discuss with your oncologist about potential trials.

** These therapies involve using two or more treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy and radiation, to improve outcomes. * **Why are combination therapies used?** They can potentially target cancer more effectively, reducing the chance of resistance.

** Palliative care focuses on providing relief from symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious illness. * **Is palliative care only for end-of-life situations?** No, it can be integrated at any stage of treatment to assist with symptoms and emotional support.

** Proper nutrition is vital for maintaining strength and health during treatment, helping to manage side effects and recover faster. * **What type of dietary adjustments might be necessary?** Customized plans may include high-calorie foods, supplements, and addressing specific dietary restrictions based on symptoms and treatment effects. ### Conclusion Understanding these treatment options and addressing common FAQs can significantly aid families navigating pediatric cancer care. For personalized guidance and support, Doctorsapp is always ready to assist in connecting patients with the right resources and specialists.