Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages or sinuses. They are soft, painless, and typically appear as teardrop-shaped or grape-like swellings. Nasal polyps can vary in size, ranging from small to large clusters. They can occur in one or both nasal passages and may obstruct the airflow, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, reduced sense of smell, facial pain or pressure, and frequent sinus infections.

The exact cause of nasal polyps is not fully understood, but they are believed to result from chronic inflammation of the nasal lining. Factors that can contribute to their development include allergies (such as allergic rhinitis), chronic sinusitis, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, cystic fibrosis, and certain immune disorders. Nasal polyps can occur at any age, but they are more commonly seen in adults.

Nasal polyps are typically diagnosed through a combination of a medical history review, physical examination, and endoscopic evaluation. During the examination, a healthcare provider may use a thin, flexible tube with a camera (endoscope) to visualize the nasal passages and sinuses. This allows them to identify the presence and location of nasal polyps. In some cases, imaging tests such as a CT scan may be ordered to provide more detailed information about the sinuses.

The treatment for nasal polyps aims to reduce inflammation, relieve symptoms, and improve nasal airflow. It may involve a combination of approaches, including:

Medications: Nasal corticosteroid sprays are commonly prescribed to reduce inflammation and shrink the polyps. Oral corticosteroids may be used for more severe cases or to provide short-term relief. Other medications, such as antihistamines or nasal saline rinses, may also be recommended.

Allergy Management: If allergies are contributing to nasal polyps, identifying and managing the allergens can help reduce inflammation and prevent recurrence.

Surgical Intervention: In cases where medication management does not provide sufficient relief or if the polyps are large and obstructive, surgery may be recommended. Endoscopic sinus surgery is a common procedure to remove polyps and improve sinus drainage. In some cases, polyps may recur even after surgery, and additional treatments may be necessary.

While it is not always possible to prevent nasal polyps, certain measures may help reduce the risk or minimize their recurrence. These include managing any underlying conditions such as allergies or sinusitis, avoiding exposure to known triggers or allergens, practicing good nasal hygiene by rinsing the nasal passages with saline solution, and using prescribed nasal corticosteroid sprays as directed.

Nasal polyps themselves are noncancerous growths. However, long-standing or untreated nasal polyps may be associated with a slightly increased risk of certain types of cancers, such as sino nasal squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. It is important to have any nasal polyps evaluated by a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and monitoring.

Nasal polyps can recur even after treatment, particularly if the underlying inflammation or risk factors persist. However, proper management, including medication use, addressing underlying conditions, and regular follow-up with a healthcare provider, can help minimize the risk of recurrence.

Over-the-counter nasal sprays may provide temporary relief for nasal congestion, but they are not typically sufficient to treat nasal polyps. Nasal corticosteroid sprays, which are available by prescription, are more effective in reducing inflammation and shrinking the polyps. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and treatment options.

No, nasal polyps are not contagious. They are noninfectious growths that result from chronic inflammation and other factors.